Emily Dickinson Literature Style - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1398 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Emily Dickinson Essay Did you like this example? Emily Dickinson is known to be one of the most brilliant and original poet of her time. She is still believed to be one of the greatest minds in our era. Although she only published four of her works, she was well known for her strange way of writing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Emily Dickinson Literature Style" essay for you Create order Dickinson was a very unique writer but in her own way. Her poetry was so exceptional that we consider it to be one of the finest in the English language. Dickinsons poetry was too remarkable that most of the time, her work was misunderstood by many critics. People couldnt relate to her poems since they were written due to the inspiration of Dickinsons life experience. Dickinson grew up living in isolation and had very few interactions with humans. Although she lived her life in seclusion, Dickinson had such brilliance to write poems that portrayed so much power. Her poetry overwhelmed people because it was written in such a way that was never seen before. Dickinson wrote an estimated total of 1,800 poems, but did not publish them because of all the harsh criticism she received from critics with the publication of only four poems. She died in 1886 due to Brights disease,but her poetry was found and put out into the eyes of the world. Many people criticized her poems and tried to understand them to the best of their ability. A lot of information about Dickinsons poems were discovered one of which was the fact that Dickinson did not name her poems but, instead she numbered them. Dickinsons style and theme were her greatest aspects of her poems. Her style of writing is what made her poems so unique to everyones eyes. Emily Dickinsons use of slant rhymes, startling metaphors, and metrical variations captures ones attention and ignites ones imagination. Her way of writing was absolutely extraordinary and so different from the others which is what makes her one of the greatest poet to ever live. Emily Dickinson was such an intellect who combined her curiosity and life experience into compelling and concise poems that captured the life experiences humans face. Her poems are constructed in a form of lyrics for some reason that no one knows. Dickinsons poems always had a single speaker because they were so short and she made it a way that the speaker isnt always Dickinson herself. Dickinson was very intelligent to portray her poems point of view which is the first person as a supposed person so her readers have the ability to read her poems as if they are the one telling the poem (Amherst College). Dickinsons life experience came in very handy for her poems since it affected her style so much. Being affected by many crisis in her life such as trying to make sense of love or religion, her vulnerability and the fact that she had to deal with many deaths in her life, affected the way she wanted to present her poems. Her poems were written in such a style or structure that will be able to represent the way certain life events reshape a persons understanding of serial existence (Vendler, 143). Dickinsons unique style of using literary devices captured the attention of her audience. Many of the literary devices used in her works were alliteration, simile, metaphor, and symbolism, but more so metaphors. Her way of comparing abstract concepts with concrete images produced a relationship between abstract ideas and material things to explain one another. Using metaphors was a common process for Dickinson because she loved defining a concept in terms of another which will then produce a new layer of meaning in which both of the terms are changed (Poetry Foundation). In poem number 303, Dickinson displays a metaphor of a house to build an enclosure for the soul. Dickinsons use of sharp metaphors enhances her style and poems. Having to live life in seclusion, Dickinson grew up reading Websters dictionary. She had a very keen interest in words. Vocabulary was able to give her the identity she wanted. Dickinson enjoyed language and was so intrigued by it just for the fun of it. She went onto making words her main tools in her poems. Diction was used in the most unusual ways in her poems, and it was something so new and so unlike women in her days (Borus, 39). Dickinson was pretty daring when she challenged the existing definitions of poetry through her works. She had a tendency of using words that had incompatible meanings and also used them as possibilities for another. Dickinsons use of linguistics and sense of dramatics help describe her style. Her life experience was one that was always guarded. She lived a life full of tension and in her poems, she shows the live she had to live and the one she aspired to live. Through words, Dickinson conveyed this tension. Words helped Dickinson escape and gave her a place where she could come alive and experience the world outside of her shell of a house. Language was able to provide her with the power that she never had. Dickinson was always in her own world since she did live alone and that may have contributed to her creation of private meanings of words and symbols which others had no meaning to (Melani, 2009). Many of Dickinsons poems are actually definitions of words which goes on to show ho w much she absolutely loved and savored words and its definitions. However, her language was very constricted and if it became too extreme, then it made her poem very complex which is why many misunderstand her poems. Her language is just so incomprehensible in most of her poems that the poem became like a riddle or an intellectual puzzle (Melani, 2009). There are so many things that contribute to the unusual style of Emily Dickinson, some of which is her unusual capitalization of words and her usage of dashes in her poems. In her poems, you can see her tendency of capitalizing common and proper nouns. The capitalization is apparently done to make common things seem more important to people ( Borus, 36). She went against the conventions of grammar and punctuation. Dickinson is one of the many poets who is known for using dashes in her poems. She depended on these dashes to control the rhythm of her poems. She inputted dashes at the end of a line and also within the lines of her poems. She used these dashes to put emphasis on a missing word or words, or to even replace any punctuation such as a comma or a period (Borus, 36). These dashes served as a varied punctuation in her poems and acted as bridges between sections of the poems (Amherst College). Dickinson also had an unusual way of using rhymes that not many poets used. She exper imented with meter and rhymes. Dickinson uses slant rhymes which are imperfect rhymes and she uses the common meter which is the alternating lines of 8 syllables with 6 syllables (Amherst College). Dickinson loved using the meters of the English hymns. In her poems, its visible that she loved experimenting with a variation of metrical and stanzaic forms. Dickinsons use of such rhymes and meter inspired it to be common in modern poetry. Another uncommon thing that is found in Dickinsons poems but ist found in other poets works is that she takes out helping verbs and connecting words (Melani, 2009). This was Dickinsons cryptic style that intrigues her readers. Emily Dickinsons style of thinking is cryptic, enigmatic, and so appealing to the eye. She had an intriguing appeal of finding actuality or the heart of things. This inspired Dickinson to remove unnecessary language and punctuation from her poems. Dickinson has a style so unique in the English language that even until this day, we dont really know why she portrayed the kind of style that she did in her poems. Through the method of compressed language, Dickinson was able to to produce breathtaking effects in her poems.The rules of grammar and sentence structure did not phase Dickinson for she did not care for it. However, instead of being condemned by critics for such behavior, the 20th century critics actually found this pretty appealing. Dickinson unusual way of writing is known to be among the best. There couldnt be any other poet with such brilliance as her. Dickinsons idiosyncratic style is one of a kind which makes her so special.

Culture Values For Nigeria And The United States - 1430 Words

A. Culture Values for Nigeria and the United States The cultural differences between the United States and Nigeria values play a vital role in the difficulties for Arik Air. A company would need to adopt their strategy for the country they are operating in. The Geert Hofstede webpage shows Nigeria scores higher than the United States on power distance, a score of 80 on the Geert Hofstede webpage. Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally (Adekola Sergi, 2007). People from this culture accept power structures and hierarchies while supervisors are highly respected. Nigeria is considered a hierarchical†¦show more content†¦In a collectivist culture like Nigeria values are culturally tight, as they have a set of norms that the in-group follows; opinions are people have a strong sense of shame for losing face (Geert-Hofstede.com, 2015). In Nigeria’s collectivist culture demonstrates ther e is a greater reliance on rules and standards of behavior, and promotion criteria focus on age and loyalty rather individual ability. The decision making process is centralized and are made on consensus rather than debate, and promotion decisions take account of the employee’s in-group, management is the management of groups. The United States has a high score of 91 in individualism. Americans are accustomed to doing business with people they do not know acting independently, and communication is informal and direct. Americans will approach their prospective counterparts in order to seek information. Hierarchy in the United States is established for convenience, superiors are accessible and managers rely on individual employees and teams for their expertise. They are loose knit and live by the model of not relying too much on authorities for support (Geert-Hofstede.com, 2015). The Nigerian population is low in uncertainty avoidance along with the United States. These two countries are similar in style for uncertainty avoidance. Uncertainty avoidance deals with a member’s tolerance for uncertainty and doubt, and as a nation

Law 421 Free Essays

Week 3 Law 421| | David Tiffany UOP| Shalandrea Jones | October 29, 2012 | Torts are civil laws that are broken and are rules for lawsuits. When these rules are broken they can result in injury and harm this is usually the basis for the claim. Torts are punishable by imprisonment but in most cases tort law is to provide relief for damages and to stop others from doing the same thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Law 421 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The injured party can sue for loss of earnings, pain and suffering, and medical expenses or present and future. Torts can fall under 3 categories intentional torts, negligent torts, and strict liability. Intentional torts include intentionally hitting someone, negligent torts causing a traffic accident, and strict liability, making and selling defective merchandise. Tort law also includes the areas of nuisance, defamation, invasion of privacy and economic torts. The first case deals with keyless entries that malfunction. This is an example of a strict liability this law a law applies to manufactures that manufacture and sell products that can be potentially harmful to the consumer. Strict liability tort and negligent tort are similar but with strict liability the victim does not have to prove their negligence. In the case of the keyless entry the malfunction occurs when the car owner exits the car. At this time the car should automatically shut off after a certain period of time. However the car does not and the engine continues to run. The car owners often park their cars in garages that are not ventilated and do not hear the engine running. This malfunction of the car caused more than one case of carbon monoxide poisoning. One car manufacture states that they do offer additional warning about cutting the engine off and the consequences of not doing so. The car manufactures can be held liable for many different lawsuits not only from the families of the people who died but also from the survivors. Law expert. com defines negligence as â€Å"the failure to use ordinary care†. Negligence can occur when someone does not exercise the amount of care that a person would use under the circumstances or somebody does something that a reasonably careful person would not do under the circumstances. Automobiles accidents are often example of negligence. In order for an act to be considered negligent certain actions must be established. 1. The defendant owed a duty to the plaintiff. 2. The defendant violated that duty. 3. As a result of the defendant violation the plaintiff suffered injury. 4. The injury was a reasonable consequence of the defendant action or inaction. Law expert. com also provides an example of negligence. A person driving a car has a general duty to use the car in a safe and responsible manner. If that driver runs a red light, that diver violates that duty. As it is understood that running a red light can cause a car crash and that people are likely to be injured in such a collision, that in fact results to others in a collision resulting from the person running the red light. Gross negligence means that contact or failure to act that is so reckless that it demonstrates a substantial lack of concern. For example a government employee on the job and an incident occurs because the employee is on the job they may be immune from liability for ordinary negligence but may remain liable for gross negligence. The second example with the bouncy house is an example of negligence and possible gross negligence. I think that the company that promotes and sets up the bounce houses should inform the customer of the possibility of the houses blowing away and not set them up in windy conditions. Also in states where proper restraints are not required they should be. Wind, weight, or a number of other factors can cause the bouncy house to take flight. I believe that it is reasonable to tie down the bouncy houses so that the customers are secure as possible. In states that do not require regulations they are leaving themselves open for gross negligence charges if an incident does occur. Almost every jurisdiction a person is responsible for all losses and damages that result from his or her negligence. With certain exceptions owners, people who handles pets, and people that harbor pets can be held responsible for injuries caused by their pet. Negligence is also defined as the lack or ordinary care. An example of an unreasonable action would be a dog owner letting go of his dogs leash when another dog approaches so that the dogs can play. An unreasonable action might be the failure to keep a dog away from guest when it is prone to play rough or knock people down. Negligence is also considered when an adult places a watchdog in the room with a sleeping infant. If a person fails to protect a visitor from a potentially dangerous pet this falls under the doctrine of premises liability. Landlords, landowners and management companies can be held liable and responsible to their tenants failing to get rid of a vicious animal. The final example with the ferret this is an example of negligence. Any animal has the potential to be vicious if it exposed to new people or feels threatened. So if the homeowners have company it is best to keep the ferret in a cage or in a room with the door closed to avoid possible injuries to their guest. If the pet owner follows all necessary precautions an incident occurs then they will not be liable for the incident if one occurs. References www. lawcornell. edu www. lawexpert. com www. lawinformationlive. com http://today. msnbc. msn. com/id/26184891/vp/41640372#41640372 http://today. msnbc. msn. com/id/26184891/vp/43292258#43292258 http://www. cnn. com/video/#/video/us/2011/01/11/dnt. ferret. attacks. infant. kctv? hpt=T2 How to cite Law 421, Essays Law 421 Free Essays University of Phoenix Material BUGusa, Inc. , Worksheet Use the scenarios in the Bugusa, Inc. , link located on the student website to answer the following questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Law 421 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scenario: WIRETIME, Inc. , Advertisement Has WIRETIME, Inc. , committed any torts? If so, explain. Wiretime, Inc. ’s ad in the well-known industry magazine stated that BUGusa, Inc. electronic recording devices are low quality and not reliable for more than a month (University of Phoenix, 2013). This tort is defamation since it can harm the company’s reputation. This written defamation, or libel, falls under the element of specificity because the statement is about a specific party, business and product. In order to receive damages, BUGusa, Inc. will have to prove they suffered financial harm from this statement (Melvin, 2011). Reference: Melvin, S. P. (2011). Fundamentals of the Legal Environment of Business. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database University of Phoenix. (2013). BUGusa, Inc. [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Law/421 website. Scenario: WIRETIME, Inc. (Janet) Has WIRETIME, Inc. committed any torts? If so, explain. Wiretime, Inc. has committed business competition tort or interference tort. Janet has a non-compete clause in her contract with BUGusa, Inc. , which is valid for additional years. Janet’s contract with BUGusa, Inc. states that she is not to work for a competitor while she is still employed with them, is fired from the company, or resigns. Wiretime, Inc. could be liable for damages because they intentionally interfered with a valid contractual relationship between Janet and BUGusa, Inc. (Zuber, 2009). Janet can also be liable for breaking her contract. Reference Zuber, J. J. (2009). Interference Torts: When Business Competition Is Actionable. Business Torts Journal, 16(4), 12-15. Scenario: WIRETIME, Inc. (Steve and Walter) Discuss any liability BUGusa, Inc. , may have for Walter’s actions. Scenario: BUGusa, Inc. , Plant Parking Lot What defenses may be available to BUGusa, Inc.? Explain your answer. Although actions for failure to provide adequate security can be brought against BUGusa, Inc. , BUGusa could say that they are not responsible for the actions of criminals. , Unless BUGusa was in some way actually responsible for the damage, they are not liable. The injured party cannot seek to hold a possessor or owner of property directly or vicariously liable when the act was arguably, not caused by the possessor or owner. The acts of unknown third parties are typically not covered under general liability policies. References: McDaniel Anderson, LLP- http://www. mcdas. com/liability_article. htm e-lawresources. co. uk- http://www. e-lawresources. co. uk/Causation. php Scenario: BUGusa, Inc. (Randy and Brian) What defenses may be available to BUGusa, Inc.? Explain your answer. Randy committed a tort of negligence when he was speeding and colliding with Brian’s vehicle. He did not intentionally hit him but his speeding contributed to the accident. Randy was negligent in his driving BUGusa, Inc. ’s vehicle. BUGusa’s defense could be held under absolute privilege which states that all federal officials have immunity in the Constitution via the â€Å"speech and debate clause† and BUGusa contracts with the federal government as well, making them a federal official as well. Melvin, S. P. (2011). Fundamentals of the Legal Environment of Business. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database University of Phoenix. (2013). BUGusa, Inc. Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Law/421 website. Scenario: BUGusa, Inc. (Sally) Sally may have a successful case against BUGusa, Inc. , for what torts? Explain your answer. Officer Sally DoGood has a successful case that can fall under two torts. The first tort is the negligence tort. Negligence is an accidental (without willful intent) event that caused harm to an other party (Melvin, 2011). BUGusa, Inc. did not intentionally mean to harm Officer DoGood with its product but the company did know that the older models did not have the insulator to prevent the shorting. The shorting of the equipment Officer DoGood was using caused harm to her. The company did not include the insulator to the older models because of the production cost. The second tort that could be used in Officer DoGood’s case is the strict liability tort. According to Nolo Law For All (2013), strict liability is automatic responsibility for damages due to manufacture or use of equipment or materials that are inherently dangerous, such as explosives, animals, poisonous snakes, or assault weapons. A person injured by such equipment or materials does not have to prove the manufacturer or operator was negligent in order to recover money damages. BUGusa, Inc. knew that the older model equipment was defective but did not go back and installed the insulators to the older models but installed them in the new models that Shady Town Policy had not purchased yet. References Melvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business: A managerial approach: Theory to practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Strict liability. (2013). In NOLO Law for All. Retrieved from http://www. nolo. com/dictionary/strict-liability-term. html How to cite Law 421, Essay examples

Ethics for Handbook of Artificial Intelligence -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEthics for Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Answer: Introduction The assignment focuses on the ethical analysis of artificial Intelligence (AI). The specific ethical question that arises in artificial intelligences is discussed in this study. AI is the ability of robot or digital computer to perform task that is generally linked to intelligent beings. This is mainly applied to developing system project endowed with intellectual processes features of humans. The ethics of AI refers to the part of ethics of technology particular to robots as well as other artificial intelligent beings (Bostrom and Yudkowsky 2014). Recent development in AI raises lots of ethical issues within the enterprise. The significance of ethical problem and facts relevant to the ethical questions is also explained in this assignment. The study also reflects on the assumptions required to fill the gaps in information relevant to this ethical questions. Furthermore, ethical act relating to ethical questions is also elucidated in this assignment. Ethical questions that arise in artificial intelligence While the developments in technology lead to increase in AI, it raises some of ethical questions. One of the ethical questions that arise in AI is How does privacy co-exists with the powered sensors of AI? Importance of specific ethical problem Ethical issues have become highly complex with advancement in AI over the last few years. Most AI application basically requires large volumes of data for learning as well as making intelligent decisions (Brey 2012). This ethical problem has huge importance as it has been evident from recent study that privacy of data has been affected by application as well as development of AI. The rise in cyber attacks in present years leads to explosion of penetrations in network, personal data theft and spread of computer viruses. Recently it has been seen from some facts that rapid advancement in AI is increasing risk to the business. This is because malicious users exploit new technology for mounting automated hacking attacks (Gunkel 2012). It has been found by some researchers that malicious utilization of AI in business poses huge threats to physical, political and digital security (Pistono and Yampolskiy 2016). Hence, this ethical problem is required to be analyzed by the innovators of tech nology in order to reduce the risk in business. Key facts that is relevant to the analysis of ethical question Some of the key facts that are relevant to the analysis of ethical questions are given below: Few health related devices which take benefits of AI poses significant threat in terms of privacy. Most of the enterprises give out Fitbits for gathering data about the workers, which is mainly utilized for insurance purposes. Implementation of AI coexisting with this device might reveal the heath condition that the employers do not know about it (Bostrom and Yudkowsky 2014). Media enterprises also faces several threats regarding privacy of new distribution challenges and matching content with increasing customer base. Telecom enterprises also face huge management problems as AI reveals some information regarding changing of suppliers, engagement of new customers and so on. Although AIs application to the finance such as Turbo Tax, Mint has been upending the financial institutions, it applications might pose threat to the accountants regarding revealing of confidential data (Helbing et al. 2017). Although integration of machines leaning algorithms into analytics as well as CRM platforms uncover information for serving customers in better way, it poses threats to the business in terms of privacy. As application of AI in education automates grading, provides educators huge time, assess students and help the educators work at own pace, the tutors might take illegal steps in educating the students by using this tool. Assumptions that are required to fill gaps in publically available information relevant to ethical problem The two assumptions that are required to fill gaps in the information available relevant to this ethical problem are given below: Involving as well as educating all sectors of the community relating to some facts of AI Shaping AI friendly environment for the people and people friendly environment for AI might also help to fill the gap. Ethical act central to ethical question by forecasting positive and negative consequences Creating skills that is compatible with AI will facilitate to create as well as maintain health system in job. AI helps to improve the systems of automation in the business as it easily automates routine processes. In addition to this, it also helps the business to found databases and processes several points. Apart from this, it also facilitates the business to increase virtual assistance (Russell and Norvig 2016). On the other hand, as privacy of data remains a huge ethical problem for the businesses, AI machines increases the risk of human jobs and also reduces employment. As AI machines do not have emotions as well as moral values, they cannot replicate humans. However, these machines cannot make any business decisions and also breakdowns in certain situations. As a result, ethical argument regarding AI still continues in the present decades. Ethical conclusion comparing positive and negative consequences Although present AI provides several ethical issues in the businesses, it facilitates in solving several critical problems. The applications as well as problems of AI benefit the business by creating different procedure and work systems with higher accuracy. In addition, development of AI has significant advantage on the way enterprises operate their workplace. People require to be the part of development for AI to facilitate augment human ingenuity as well as create culture depending on collaboration (Russell 2015). Advent of AI machines help the business to reduce errors and increase efficiency in business. One the other hand, the negative consequences of AI involves- increasing in unemployment as the enterprise cuts down on human workforce, adverse impact on humanity and so on. However, defining specific set of principles as well as values would guide to further development of AI and solve ethical problems relating to this in future. References Bostrom, N. and Yudkowsky, E., 2014. The ethics of artificial intelligence.The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence, pp.316-334. Brey, P.A., 2012. Anticipating ethical issues in emerging IT.Ethics and Information Technology,14(4), pp.305-317. Gunkel, D.J., 2012.The machine question: critical perspectives on AI, robots, and ethics. MIT Press. Helbing, D., Frey, B.S., Gigerenzer, G., Hafen, E., Hagner, M., Hofstetter, Y., van den Hoven, J., Zicari, R.V. and Zwitter, A., 2017. Will democracy survive big data and artificial intelligence.Scientific American,25. Helbing, D., Frey, B.S., Gigerenzer, G., Hafen, E., Hagner, M., Hofstetter, Y., van den Hoven, J., Zicari, R.V. and Zwitter, A., 2017. Will democracy survive big data and artificial intelligence.Scientific American,25. Pistono, F. and Yampolskiy, R.V., 2016. Unethical research: How to create a malevolent artificial intelligence.arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.02817. Russell, S., 2015. Ethics of artificial intelligence.Nature,521(7553), pp.415-416. Russell, S.J. and Norvig, P., 2016.Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia; Pearson Education Limited,.

Medicares Dilemma free essay sample

This paper examines the political, social and economic woes of Medicares drug problem: No prescription coverage for the disabled and the elderly. This paper covers the much debated issue of the Medicare program?s lack of prescription drug coverage for the elderly and disabled in the US. A brief history of the program itself, descriptions of and actions taken by the key players in the debate, including the Medicare recipients themselves, support/interest groups such as the AARP, the government, pharmaceutical agencies, and the American public are included. From the paper: `At the time of its establishment in 1965 through to the present, the U.S. Medicare program was designed to provide quality health care services for elderly and disabled Americans. The two-part program provides coverage for hospital visits as well as a limited amount of medical insurance to aid with doctors? bills and things of the like. Although it has always been one of the most popular federal programs among elderly and younger citizens alike, the Medicare program has been and remains to grow progressively ineffective in providing quality health care to its recipients. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicares Dilemma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While issues such as the exclusion of certain medical procedures from Medicare?s coverage realm have come and gone, the single most longstanding issue of debate is that of prescription drugs.`

Free Essays on Environment

Empty Aerosol Cans The amount of waste buildup will threaten human survival on Earth if its people do not begin to properly manage their waste. Recycling common used items, such as aerosol containers, facilitates a proper waste management system, reduces solid waste buildup, and most importantly, it protects nonrenewable resources used by the steel industry from depletion. Around the world, the households and industries of today use aerosol containers. People rely on aerosols for paint, deodorizers and cleaners, hairspray, adhesives, and even bug repellent. They are used on a daily basis because aerosol cans offer the most precise and efficient delivery of product to hard to reach places. The United Kingdom currently recycles just 7.5% of the 600 million aerosol cans that it produces each year. Clearly, people lack awareness of the ability of recycling centers to accommodate aerosol containers. However, the growing public concern over the disposal of solid waste has sparked the promotion of communities to collect empty aerosol containers. The aerosol and steel industry have teamed up to make recycling aerosol containers both efficient and accessible for the consumer and producers of aerosol products. Thousands of communities now include aerosols in both household and curbside buy-back and drop-off programs. Before the recycling process can begin, the aerosol container must be fully emptied. Otherwise, the propellant could cause dangerous effects when the container is compacted. The consumer will normally empty the container through regular use, as indicated by the aerosol’s instructions. The aerosol industry finely measures the product and propellant so that the consumer exhausts them equally with proper use. If a new can cannot be emptied due to a malfunction, the consumer should return it to its place of purchase. A consumer may also elect to bring a broken or stored aerosol container that can no longer be ... Free Essays on Environment Free Essays on Environment Empty Aerosol Cans The amount of waste buildup will threaten human survival on Earth if its people do not begin to properly manage their waste. Recycling common used items, such as aerosol containers, facilitates a proper waste management system, reduces solid waste buildup, and most importantly, it protects nonrenewable resources used by the steel industry from depletion. Around the world, the households and industries of today use aerosol containers. People rely on aerosols for paint, deodorizers and cleaners, hairspray, adhesives, and even bug repellent. They are used on a daily basis because aerosol cans offer the most precise and efficient delivery of product to hard to reach places. The United Kingdom currently recycles just 7.5% of the 600 million aerosol cans that it produces each year. Clearly, people lack awareness of the ability of recycling centers to accommodate aerosol containers. However, the growing public concern over the disposal of solid waste has sparked the promotion of communities to collect empty aerosol containers. The aerosol and steel industry have teamed up to make recycling aerosol containers both efficient and accessible for the consumer and producers of aerosol products. Thousands of communities now include aerosols in both household and curbside buy-back and drop-off programs. Before the recycling process can begin, the aerosol container must be fully emptied. Otherwise, the propellant could cause dangerous effects when the container is compacted. The consumer will normally empty the container through regular use, as indicated by the aerosol’s instructions. The aerosol industry finely measures the product and propellant so that the consumer exhausts them equally with proper use. If a new can cannot be emptied due to a malfunction, the consumer should return it to its place of purchase. A consumer may also elect to bring a broken or stored aerosol container that can no longer be ...

Questionnaire Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questionnaire - Coursework Example The American population, unlike their president, is against the use of violence in resolving the ISIS situation. This standpoint is different to their previous positions on using violence to resolve the Iraqi situations, under the rule of Saddam Hussein. In the historical context, Americans were supportive of the violence during Saddam Hussein’s era (UConn Today, 2011). Since then, the American people have been against the use of violence in Iraq. In support of the public opinion, President Obama has ruled sending combat troops. However, other alternatives such as the use of airstrikes are being considered. According to the hypothesis, Americans who have supported the use of violence in addressing the Iraqi situation, in the past, are likely to support its use in the current situation. The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center are the catalyst in the decision to use violence in resolving Iraqi conflicts (Outsidethebeltway.com, 2014). Americans, who are pro-violence in the ISIS situation, seek to retaliate against all forms of terrorists. The Republican portion of the American population supports the use of military action against the ISIS establishment. The Independent and Democrats portion, on the other hand, do not favor the use of military action. The Republicans, according to a research conducted by Gallup, are â€Å"worried† about Iraq. The study found out that 52% of Republicans, 39% of Independents and 34% of Democrats are in favor of using military action in Iraq (Gallup 2014). Now the Democrats enjoy a majority in the decision-making in the U.S. For this reason, President Obama is more likely to lean towards not sending combat troops to address the ISIS situation. However, as stated earlier they have opted to use other means in preventing Islamic militants from spreading their influence to other states. The Gallup survey presents a true representation of the attitude of Americans towards foreign intervention;

Nuclear Arms Race is better than Nuclear Arms Reduction for World Assignment

Nuclear Arms Race is better than Nuclear Arms Reduction for World Peace - Assignment Example The history reveals the fact that this race is not a contemporary theory or model and dates back to several years. â€Å"The nuclear arms and weapons race demonstrates and illustrates the fact that the nuclear arm came under design to create destruction and gain economic, political power over others, however, this theory has now eradicated, and a peace strategy comes under correlation to the nuclear arm race† (Gaddis, 2006). The pioneer countries of using the nuclear bombs and materialized into race were United States of America and the United Soviet States of Russia that eventually turned out in a Cold War, which lasted for couple of years. Although, the race carried on for few decades regardless of the fact and observation that the nuclear armaments are drastically and immensely costly in terms of research and development of the modern and innovative ones, yet they have been economical and low-cost than that of the traditional weaponries (Gaddis, 2006). Consequently, with th e technological boom taking over every facet of life, made a huge impact on the nuclear arms race as well due to the reason that the weapons also entailed the use of sophisticated technologies in the research and development of them (Hanhimaki  & Westad, 2004).

Educate parent attending accidebt emergency how to manage childs fever Research Proposal

Educate parent attending accidebt emergency how to manage childs fever at home - Research Proposal Example Managing childhood fever, will aid reduce various parental complaints for fever and reduce the chances of children death or complications resulting from unmanaged fever. Ways of maintaining fever at home Parents determine their children fever via behavioral changes they mainly link to fever. Parents realize immunological advantageous impacts linked to fever and some belief that fever is harmful and causes brain damage and convulsion of febrile. Therefore, to prevent adverse effects of fever, parents must monitor body temperatures of their children, use antipyretics, ensure their children wear light clothing and wash them with cold water or tepid. When a baby has a bacterial or viral infection, it is obvious for him to develop a fever and the fever will not harm the child, (Douglas 23). Children under the age of six months should seek medical attention while older children may be treated at home. Nevertheless, they should be presented to the hospital for medical attention if the fever last over two days. Methods of taking a child’s temperature There are various ways of taking a child’s temperature at home, for instance, rectal, oral (mouth), under the armpit and in the ear (tympanic). The correct method depends on the age of the child. The parent should ensure that the measurements are accurate. For example, using rectal method is the most accurate way, but most children under the age of two do not like this method. Even though, using axillary method is not extremely precise, it may help parents to know whether their children have fever, (Berger, Ann, John and Roenn 41). Temperature management Conventional treatment Various over the counter medications can be administered to manage fever at home, for instance, acetaminophen, aspirin and ibuprofen. Parents should avoid aspirin use because aspirin may lead to adverse side effects, such as fatal Reye’s syndrome leading to inflammation of the brain and vomiting. Parents can manage their children ’s fever by utilizing a cold sponge, and encouraging their children to take increased amounts of cold liquids like ice pops. It is healthy to give young children increased amounts of fluids contain electrolytes because fever quickly dehydrates them. The cold liquids aids cool the body and keep the baby hydrated. One can also use a fan. Always set the fan at minimal setting and direct it to have the air circulation around the child and avoid blowing the air directly to him, (Douglas 26). Additionally, reduce clothing layers so that the baby can lose increased eat easily through the skin. In addition, dress that baby in light clothing and let her stay indoors or under shade to reduce body temperature. Similarly, parents can manage fever in children by giving their children a lukewarm spongy bath. The body cools as the water evaporates from the skin, thus the body temperature lowers. For instance, if the body temperatures are too high, place a wet or damp piece of cloth on the f orehead of a child as she rests. In addition, the parent should ensure that the child gets enough rest. Since fever is because of a potential infection, a child’s body requires plenty of rest or sleep to fight off the agent causing the infection. Experts agree also that having fever makes a child feel exhausted and achy. Therefore, during this period, parents should motivate the children to have plenty of rest

The Power Of China And The Shang Dynasty History Essay

The Power Of China And The Shang Dynasty History Essay As we know it today, China has been one of the most powerful countries in the world. Early China is much different from what we know to be the Republic of China. Before becoming one giant country, China was divided into many kingdoms settled along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. With origins dating back well over five thousand years, historians have been able to uncover facts about the Chinese dynasties to as early as 1700 B.C. Artifacts such as animal bones, turtle shells, and bronze weapons with messages written on them are a few items that show existence of the people that lived there. These oracle bones are said to be the earliest form of written records, showing subsistence of an era to be known as the Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty, known to be the longest ran dynasty in the history of China, has been noted to have been ruled by at least 31 emperors. Each king, chosen based on hereditary, simultaneously acts as priests that serve as the connection between their people to the spirit world. As the religious leader the kings were responsible for making animal sacrifices and interpreting messages that were written on oracle bones prepared by divine followers. The writings on the oracle bones show evidence that the Chinese had a strong belief in supernatural forces. In fact, the meaning of the oracle bones was to communicate with the gods. After exposing the bones to fire the Chinese would inscribe questions and concerns on the matters of the world. During the Shang dynasty China was classified as an agricultural society. One major issue during the Shang dynasty was their association with war and combat. With the discovery of the new technology of horse-drawn carriages, it has been noted that these tactics were what aided their rise in power in northern China. After many years of ruling the Shang dynasty was overthrown by a powerful young state later to be known as the Zhou dynasty. The Zhou embraced the political system of the previous dynasty, but made a few changes. The Zhou continued to practice the Shangs idea of dividing the kingdom into different regions in which king selected officials managed. As the Zhous establishment began to expand began to create organizations that were responsible for the overlook of education, law, and even public works. Much like the Shang, the Zhou people believed in a close relationship between the king and the gods of heaven. To represent the overthrown of the Shang, the Zhou people created the idea of the mandate of heaven which would also be adopted by many succeeding dynasties. The mandate of heaven explains that the heavens give the power to kings to keep rule over society as long as he does it to please the gods and protect the interest of his people. But if the gods were not pleased in the way the king ruled, the mandate would be taken away from him. Thus resulting in his overthrowing and replacement by a new ruler that accepted heavens mandate. The idea of the mandate of heaven was closely associated with the reason of the Zhous triumph over the Shang dynasty, and also becoming the structure of following Chinese tradition. The decline of the Zhou dynasty started to become evident around the sixth century. As the power of the central government began to weaken, conflicts between different principalities began to escalate. At the expense of the king, his governing officials power began to climb as they began to regulate the local economy. By creating government monopolies and imposing taxes on key resources such as salt and iron. During the last couple centuries of the Zhou dynasty, the authority of its king started to become minimal. Several of the smaller areas of the Zhou kingdom began to divide and evolve into powerful states which created a potential threat to the then Zhou emperor. At first, the rivalries were calm but by the end of the end of the fifth century the bitter jealousy sparked into civil war. This time period is what to be known as the Period of the Warring States. With new methods of warfare emerging such as the invention of iron weapons and crossbows along with introduction of foot soldiers and cavalry, the states feuded with each other over control of the empire with no regards to the authority of the Zhou court. With the advantage of a strong defensive position in the mountains, the state of Chin easily conquered their main rivals through invasion or tactful maneuvering. In 221 B.C. the Chinas first genuinely unified government was established. The reason of triumph of the Chin over its neighboring states has been heavily associated with the character of its fearless ruler, Shi Huang Ti. Ti strongly believed in unity and peace of the empire over the violence and chaos of the previous dynasties. In efforts to end the philosophical ideology of feudalism embraced by the Zhou, Ti adopted the ideas of legalism. Those who opposed Tis idea of legalism were punished, even sometimes executed. Even books that contradicted the concept of legalism were burned. To fuel his efforts Ti began to strip the lords of their power, giving them no governing authority and also preventing them from having their own military force. Instead of having many different armies Ti brought the idea unifying these militaries to make one strong force. Many fundamental and political advancements were birthed under the legalistic theory, most of them survived throughout the Chin Empire served as standard for future dynasties. Very unlike the Zhou, the Chins centralized government was divided into 3 le vels of primary ministries: civil and military authorities and a censorate, whose purpose was to investigate the effectiveness of officials throughout the system. Under the central government were two levels of administration: provinces and counties. Also unlike the Zhou system, officials did not inherit their positions but are appointed by the court and subject to dismissal at the emperor will. The Chin dynastys totalitarianism based government also consisted of a penal code that was strictly enforced. Punishments for wrongdoers were usually subject to fines or taken to prisons and forced to do convict labor. With the convict labor of about a half million prisoners the Chins building program flourished. Many of Chinas historic landmarks were built during their rein such as the Great Wall of China which stretched more than 1,500 miles, the Grand Canal which links the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, tombs and also 16 palaces. The Chin Empire quickly began to fall after the death of its em peror in 210 B.C. After the disappreance of the Chin the idea absolute rule of Chinese society would be viewed as betrayal of the new humanistic principles. But on the other hand the Chin system, although somewhat extreme, was a successful answer to a large, complex society.

The Theme of Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- To Kill a Moc

The Theme of Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird ‘To Kill a Mocking Bird’ teaches us about the deceit and prejudice amongst the residents of Maycomb County, all of whom have very contrasting and conflicting views. We are told the story through the eyes of little girl, Scout, and the day-to-day prejudices she faces amongst society. Her father, Atticus, is a white man defending a Negro, even though the town frowns upon such a thing. He is trying to bring order to the socially segregating views, both within the court and out. The most common form of prejudice, which is seen many times throughout the novel, is racism. The white folk of Maycomb County feel they have a higher status in society than the black community, and that the Negroes are there simply to be controlled by the whites. The views of a Negro do not matter; they are worthless to a white person. They are seen as dirty and ‘beneath’ a white. This is true even in extreme cases such as the Ewells being compared to the black community. Even though the Ewells are seen as low class, shabby and disliked, they are still given a higher status than any Negro. You find out the position of the Ewells quite early on in the book, after Scout meets the youngest child of the family, Burris. Atticus tells Scout â€Å"†¦the Ewells had been the disgrace of Maycomb for three generations. None of them had done an honest day’s work†. This statement from Atticus gives us another form of prejudice; class. By saying that they are a disgrace and have never done a days work, degrades them and thus makes them sound lower class, which essentially they are. This topic is raised a few times in the book, but fundamentally with the same view. The Ewell children however are treated... ...t the verdict will be guilty. Tom Robinson has been discriminated by a biased community, a community of Negro haters. Tom is found guilty, even though the evidence given proves him to be innocent. Tom was never given a fair chance in the trial. The guilty verdict is the result of a racist community. As I have said, prejudice is a key factor in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’. It sets storylines, gives people different opinions and makes people biased towards different issues. It just shows how life was in the 1930’s, and the way that race, sex, class and religious prejudice has changed over the years. People were scared to voice their opinions, afraid of what the community might say if they did. If this had been changed and people weren’t so biased that maybe that innocent man would have lived, and people would not have been so discriminative to one another.

Misconception of African Americans

The Misconception of African Americans Since the beginning of time African Americans have been viewed negatively. We have always been viewed as a threat to society and frowned upon by many races. There are many cliches displayed in the media of what African Americans are supposed to act like. These conclusions cause almost immediate negative feelings from other races and sometimes by our own race. African American females in television shows and movies are often shown as the loud â€Å"ghetto† acting, angry black girl who is always â€Å"telling someone off†.Actor Tyler Perry has been criticized for illustrating African American females as â€Å"big momma†, another negative portrayal of black women. Other times shapely video vixens cause other black females to be portrayed as â€Å"jump-offs† or gold diggers. African American males have even greater judgments to overcome. They are viewed as a menace to society. They are illustrated as wild, angry, dangerou s â€Å"gang bangers†. Black men are viewed as absentee fathers or abusive husbands.Although, in some cases, African American males do possess some of these characteristics, there are just as many black men that are positive role models. These ignorant judgments are called stereotypes. A stereotype is defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing†. Stereotypes, in my own words, are judgments blindly made by people who use ignorance as an excuse to be biased against those who are different from them. There are many different types of stereotyping.Racial stereotyping, sexist stereotyping, stereotypes about cultures, and sexual orientation stereotypes are all judgments that can affect one’s life in many ways. Stereotypes are, sadly, made by everyone. Racial stereotyping, however, is the most common type of stereotyping, and can sometimes be dangerous. The Trayvon Martin story, for example, is a sit uation where stereotyping turned tragic. Trayvon Martin was a young African American boy who was walking from the store with nothing but Skittles and a drink in his pockets.Because of his race, and the stereotype of what black Males are capable of, he was targeted, and tragically killed. There have been many similar cases of dangerous stereotyping. People’s fear of what the media shows we are suited to do, has gotten out of control. Too many of us are dying because of this fear. While many stereotypes do seem to be believable, people like Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, my grandparents, and my mom allow me to realize that not all stereotypes are true.

Modern Times and The Importance of Food †Film Essay

Modern Times and The Importance of Food – Film Essay Free Online Research Papers Modern Times and The Importance of Food Film Essay â€Å"Modern Times† is a black and white film from the nineteen thirties that considers the working man and working conditions during the most crushing times of the Great Depression. Charlie Chaplin is the producer, director, musician and main character of this comic film. Throughout the film he goes through many trying times with his working situations in this silent comedy. Food is given a very important role in this depression era film. Food is looked at in many different ways throughout â€Å"Modern Times†. Because food was very hard to obtain for most you can understand why it is focused on many times during the film. Through the silly and comical situations Charlie gets himself into, he finds himself in jail. To our confusion it doesn’t seem to phase him at all, he almost seems happy to be there. When he is let go he doesn’t want to leave because being in jail means he will at least be fed everyday. When he is let go he tries a few thing to get himself thrown back in jail. He tries to take the blame for a girl who stole some bread and when that doesn’t work he goes to a cafeteria, eats as much as he can, then calls the police before not paying for his dinner. The police come and Charlie is happy to be put back in jail. It must have been a tough time if someone would rather be in jail where they are sure to be fed, then begging on the streets. Another way food is shown in much importance in this film is in day dreaming. Charlie and his girlfriend are sitting on the side of the street when they witness a woman waving goodbye to her husband as he leaves for work. They decide to get a house of their own. They sit on the sidewalk and think about what it would be like. In this daydream there is food everywhere. There is a fruit tree just out the window, another just out the door and a cow walks up for milking as the girl is preparing dinner. This is another way food is shown as such a prized possession in this film. It is almost like the only good thing about living in a house together would be food where that isn’t guaranteed at all. Charlie finds a job working as the night watchmen at a department store. All he seems to notice and care about are the cakes and pastries on the counter. After the store is empty he runs to get the girl so they can both enjoy the food. Not only that but a few men brake in and when he calls them burglars they say they are just hungry so he sees nothing wrong with them being there, even after the shoot the top off a wine bottle. Food is such a valued object that it seems to blind his decision and ends up getting him in trouble. At another job of his he helps a man repairing the machines. While attempting to help he ends up helping the man fall into the machine. The man is stuck in the machine when the lunch bell rings and Charlie stops trying to help him out so he can eat his lunch. After a minute the man gets over the fact that he is no longer helping him and has Charlie feed him his lunch while stuck. Food is of such importance that even being stuck in a machine doesn’t stop either of them for wanting to eat there lunch. It is almost like they think if they don’t eat it now it may not be there later and they may have nothing else to eat for the rest of the day. During the worst times of the depression era food was not something to be wasted and was considered on of the most important things. Today we look at food as very important but we don’t really know what it is like to not have food. Most of us haven’t had to wonder where our next meal was going to come from or how we were going to get it. This film, â€Å"Modern Times† reflects how important food was during that era. You can tell it is of great importance even through the comedy of Charlie Chaplin. Research Papers on "Modern Times" and The Importance of Food - Film EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey Game19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraLifes What IfsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Sanford Dole, Lawyer Helped Make Hawaii a US Territory

Sanford Dole, Lawyer Helped Make Hawaii a US Territory Sanford Dole was a lawyer who was largely responsible for bringing Hawaii into the United States as a territory in the 1890s. Dole helped overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy and served for several years as president of the Hawaiian Republic, an independent government of the islands. The campaign to establish Hawaii as an American territory was backed by sugar planters and other business interests. After being thwarted during the administration of Grover Cleveland, Dole and his allies found a more welcome reception following the election of William McKinley. Hawaii became an American territory in 1898. Fast Facts: Sanford Dole Full Name: Sanford Ballard DoleBorn: April 23, 1844 in Honolulu HawaiiDied: June 9, 1926 in Honolulu, HawaiiKnown For: Lawyer known for working in the 1890s to bring Hawaii into the United States. Served as only president of the independent Republic of Hawaii and first governor of the Territory of Hawaii.Parents: Daniel Dole and Emily Hoyt BallardSpouse: Anna Prentice Cate Early Life and Career Sanford Ballard Dole was born April 23, 1844, in Hawaii, the son of missionaries who had been assigned to educate native people. Dole grew up in Hawaii and attended college in the island before traveling to the United States and enrolling in Williams College in Massachusetts. He studied law and practiced the profession briefly in Boston before returning to Hawaii. Dole set up a law practice in Honolulu and began to get involved in politics. In 1884, he was elected to the Hawaiian legislature, which operated under a monarchy. In 1887, Dole became involved in a rebellion against the Hawaiian king, David Kalakaua. The king was forced to sign away much of his power at gunpoint. The new constitution, which placed most power in a legislature, became known as the Bayonet Constitution, as it had been put in place by threats of violence. Following the rebellion, Dole was appointed to the Hawaiian Supreme Court. He served as a judge on the court until 1893. Revolutionary Leader In 1893, the successor of King David Kalakaua, Queen Lilioukalani, resisted restraints put upon the monarchy by the 1887 constitution, which heavily favored the interests of white businessmen. As the queen sought to restore the monarchy to its earlier power, she was deposed by a coup. In the aftermath of the coup against Queen Lilioukalani, Sanford Dole became the head of the revolutionary provisional government which replaced the monarchy. An obvious goal of the new government was to have Hawaii brought into the United States. A front-page article in the New York Times on January 29, 1893 provided details on the revolution, and mentioned that the newly installed government wanted to be admitted to the United States as a territory. Joining the United States Grover Cleveland’s return as president in 1893 (he began serving the second of his two non-consecutive terms) complicated matters. Cleveland was offended by the coup that deposed the Hawaiian king, especially when an investigation determined that U.S. Marines had been involved, operating without any official orders from Washington. In President Cleveland’s view, the Hawaiian monarchy should be restored. That changed when emissaries from Washington, while seeking to bring the queen back to power, could not get her to forgive the revolutionaries. After relations with the queen broke down, the Cleveland administration eventually recognized the Republic of Hawaii on July 4, 1894. Sanford Dole served as the first and only president of the Republic of Hawaii, holding the office from 1894 to 1900. A focus of his attention was to get the United States to adopt a treaty which would make Hawaii an American territory. Doles task became easier when William McKinley, who was more sympathetic to the idea of Hawaii as an American territory, became president in 1897. Dole continued advocating for Hawaii to join the U.S., and in January 1898, he traveled to Washington, D.C., to meet government officials. After sailing to San Francisco, Dole and his wife embarked on a cross-country railroad journey. His travels became front-page news in cities he visited along the way. He was portrayed as President Dole, a respected foreign leader from an exotic location who also carried himself as a typical American politician. Arriving by train in Washington, Dole was greeted at Union Station by members of McKinleys cabinet. President McKinley called upon Dole at his hotel. A few days later, Dole and his wife were guests of honor at a formal White House dinner. In a number of newspaper interviews Dole was careful to always say he was not lobbying for his cause but merely answering any questions federal officials might have about Hawaii and its desires to join the United States. In the summer of 1898, Hawaii was admitted to the United States as a territory, and Dole’s position as president of the independent republic came to an end. Dole was widely recognized as one of the leading citizens of Hawaii. In 1898, a San Francisco newspaper published a feature on Hawaii joining the United States, and it prominently featured Dole. Though the move toward becoming a U.S. territory had been long and complicated, motivated by business interests and often accompanied by threats of force, Dole put a good face on it. He said Hawaii joining the U.S. was the result of natural growth. Territorial Government President McKinley appointed Dole to be the first territorial governor of Hawaii. He served in that post until 1903, when President Theodore Roosevelt appointed him to be a judge of the U.S. district court. Dole accepted the post, and left politics to return to the law. He served as a judge until 1915. In his later life, Dole was revered as one of Hawaiis most prominent citizens. He died in Hawaii in 1926. Sources: Dole, Sanford Ballard. Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, edited by Donna Batten, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2010, pp. 530-531. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Hawaii. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, vol. 1, Gale, 1999, pp. 422-425. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Joint Resolution to Provide for Annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. American Eras: Primary Sources, edited by Rebecca Parks, vol. 1: Development of the Industrial United States, 1878-1899, Gale, 2013, pp. 256-258. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Leadership and managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership and managment - Assignment Example Being prepared to deal with conflicting staff allows management to implement several strategic tactics to dissolve conflict resolution and restore solace to the workplace. Diversity has emerged in the hiring practices of the work place in the areas of race, age, gender, religion and most recently culture. The globalization of the business world has jolted corporations to embrace diversity in order to maximize competitiveness and optimize human resources. However, the array of differences can lead to misunderstandings and unfortunately workplace contention. Supervision has to be well prepared to counteract confusion. Both authors Craig E. Runde and Tim A. Flanagan (2008: 92), authors of the book Effective Leadership Stems from Ability to Handle Conflict, believe that â€Å"most effective leaders are extraordinarily competent at handling conflict.† An example of such an experience is the feel-good movie Glory Road. The movie is based on The Texas Westerns college basketball team in 1966 who won the NCAA championship while promoting diversity. The coach of the team, Don Haskins, pioneered diversity by recruiting players deemed best for the positions and sidestepping traditional hiring practices. The hiring of the new folks in nontraditional roles is an exemplary example of effective leadership. These are attributes of a true leader as the attainment of the desired result outweighs skepticism and cynicism. Peter F. Drucker (1994: 100) article â€Å"The Theory of the Business† reveals that a valid theory of business suggests that the assumptions about environment, mission and core competencies must fit reality. The example of coach Haskin has to be the pinnacle of addressing conflict. Throughout the movie, strong interpersonal attitudes clashed among team members. Fights erupted and tempers boiled. In one particular scene, teammates squared off and the season

The Way we really are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Way we really are - Essay Example the publication of her previous book coinciding with the 1992 United States presidential election campaign that publicised debates about traditional American family values and the alleged decline of those values with associated declines in public and private behavior standards. Coontz was concerned that the conservatives within the Republican Party were making untrue claims that the decline of traditional family values was detrimental to American society and has harmful social, economic, and political consequences.1 Stephanie Coontz seemed to echo the opinions of many that believed the myth of traditional American family values underpinning traditional nuclear families was generally an unfounded fiction. The primary theme of ‘The Way We Never were: American families and the Nostalgia Trap’ was the argument that the idea that the traditional nuclear family was the main form of social unit that was not as prevalent as some argued. The conservative politicians and fundament alist religious groups spread such myths, as they would like the American public to believe. The Way We Never Were was very successful in making that point as well as being another example of Coontz’s ability to examine and evaluate American social history besides making valid arguments about contemporary American society. This book brought Coontz critical acclaim as well as increased book sales.2 The Way we Really are is a book that Stephanie Coontz intended to use to describe and examine the reality of family life in contemporary American society rather than describing American social history as her previous books had done so well. The Way we Really are was a change of approach and perspective that had commenced with The Way We Never Were.3 Coontz’s changes in approach and perspective were mainly in response to intensified public and political debates concerning changes to family lives in American society in the past, the present, and indeed in the future.4 To classify it in

Nursing Research Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing Research Day - Essay Example It feels like the system we have that time only focused on the disease and not on what we can do to prevent occurrence of diseases. It is quite sad that ‘prevention’ was only a word because if not, should public health nurses receive more professional development trainings to help the community prevent diseases? Should more facilities and better health care delivery be obtained to prevent worsening of diseases or ease recovery? Attending a research conference like this will lead participants like me to examine current practices and advocate for change. Sometimes, it will leave you asking yourself a number of questions about the result and your immediate experience as you critically examine the findings. You see yourself in the process – directly or not directly involved. The second presentation entitled â€Å"An Update on the State of Nursing† has helped me realize that statistics and numbers would not matter unless it will be put into words and will be given interpretation. At first, participants of the research were only given demographics of the nurses’ educational pursuit, position in government and organization, and employment rates. These were not much appreciated until these results were interpreted and benchmarked. I have felt the need to fulfill several vacant opportunities, especially on the administration path. We, nurses, advocate for change in our status and in the delivery of care. However, how will the administration understand us if those who are seated are businessmen, stockholders, or others not from the health profession? How can we advocate for change in Congress if our voices were so little? Conducting and disseminating research findings are important in imbibing awareness of the current situations, changing our stand in the society, and becoming actively involved in the process. Without these, change will not be

Traditional Chinese Culture Essay Example for Free

Traditional Chinese Culture Essay Any business, its survival and development with its own cultural conditions and cultural environment are inseparable. Enterprise culture is the basis of survival, the standard of behavior, a guarantee of success. My article focuses on the traditional culture, Confucianism, Taoism two ideas on the positive role of enterprise culture, but also a brief analysis of the traditional culture of negative impact of enterprise culture. China’s enterprises in creating organization culture should absorb the essence of traditional culture, discard the dross, the traditional culture in building of enterprise culture to play its due role. Enterprise culture refers to the business philosophy, value systems, historical traditions and work style, performance for the whole spirit of enterprise members, common value standards, precipitation of habit, certain moral norms and culture quality. It not only can play the guidance and constraint role to the thought and behavior of staffs, motivate their creativity, enhance the cohesive affinity of enterprise, but also can be more clearly to distinguish this enterprise and the competition, so that it is convenient for consumers to identify enterprise, and then produce identity Enterprise culture is the foundation of the enterprise existing, criterion of performance, and the guarantee of success. The formation of enterprise culture theory began in the 1980 s in the United States. At that time, the whole international economic situation has undergone great changes, Japan in just 20 years, it became the world’s second developed capitalist countries from a defeated country, and became the major competitors of American enterprises, which makes people rethink the phenomenon deeply. After a deep analysis, in the process of enterprise competitions, is the enterprise culture makes Japanese rapid rise, is the enterprise culture plays a major role on Japans economic development. So the western business US-Led opens a wave create enterprise culture boom. When we explore the Japanese enterprise culture, and found that the Japanese enterprise culture was influenced by Chinese traditional culture. Therefore, when Chinese enterprise is creating the enterprise culture and improving competitiveness, in addition to learning and introducing advanced enterprise culture of eastern and western outside, still necessary to learn from Chinese traditional culture in the ideological treasure. Chinese traditional culture on the influence of positive aspect, about the positive influence of Confucianism and Taoism I The positive influence of Confucianism The representative figure of Confucianism is Confucius, Confucius thought often is used by the enterprise. There is a the father of the modern industry who is called Shibusawa Eiichi, he established the enterprise for the whole life, operated hundreds of business enterprise for example, Prince paper, Oriental textile, and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industry, the enterprise has been founded more than one hundred years, they are still prevalent. How does he do the enterprise so well, Shibusawa Eiichi explained by himself, is the analects of Confucius and abacus , it is Confucian moral and interests are the interoperability of pursuit in the production and business operation, also the moral and economy are the one, or call justice, we consider the ethical moral when we aspire interest factors, we aspire interest factors when we consider the ethical moral. Confucian explanation and couterfacture explanation,made Confucian ideas gain the new strength. The analects of Confucius and the thought of Confucianism are very available for the enterprise culture construction in China, this article mainly from the benevolence, faith, justice and harmony several aspects to discuss Confucianism on the influence of the enterprise culture construction in China. The thought of Benevolence Benevolence, kindheartedness, benevolence is the core of Confucius thought, is the essence of the Confucian. the word of benevolence appeared. 109 times in The Analects of Confucius ,had a variety of explanation, one of the most common and the most important explanation is love the people, Confucius answered for several times when Xushen who is his student asked him, did explain: benevolence is intimate . In the business management of enterprise in China need to respect their staffs, understand them, trust and tolerant them, and care about them, thus it is effective that enterprises foster employees Loyalty and trust of employee, if the enterprise must consider employees, it can arouse the enthusiasm of employees fully. The thought of Trustworthiness Trustworthiness is words and deeds are the one, mentioned trustworthiness for many times in The Analects of Confucius; Analects  · government-funded said: people who have no faith do not have to recommend him, The Analects of Confucius ·YanYuan said people who have no faith do not have any space to stand . Faith is a neutral concept, does not contain the class, any person must stress trustworthiness when dealing with people and handling affairs, people who have no faith do not have to recommend him, people who have no faith do not have any space to stand. The enterprise must stress the trustworthiness to make the enterprise success. trust is the positive thought in the Confucian, also is the important model of exchange moral principle in China. It is worth for us to learn and use for reference in the enterprise culture construction today. Because the good faith, externally, first of all, good faith can greatly reduce transaction costs, improve business efficiency; Secondly, the good faith can set a good reputation for the enterprise to develop a broader market space, thus get more benefit. Internally, only on the basis of good faith, the internal enterprise can achieve the mutual trust, the harmonious interpersonal relationship of mutual understanding, then minimize the internal friction, give full play to peoples biggest potential. An entrepreneur with strategic vision should understand these: the enterprise survival is not a day or two days, but the long career. Some enterprise implementation of the principle of bad faith, they will be kicked out the fierce marketing competition quickly. The thought of Righteousness Righteousness is about the moral and socialist. Confucius said, One has not lived in vain if he dies after he is told of the way, the enterprise must set up the correct moral as their action creeds in the cultural construction, and fight for it. Especially, when the righteousness and interest conflict are contradicting, we must keep a clear head and the right values. Confucius said, a gentleman is always moral, vile people just focus on the only gain ( The analects of Confucius, benevolence ), Riches and position without are to me as the floating clouds, he also put forward the thought that Consider righteousness when seeing benefits. Advocate people to do it when seeing the righteousness, sacrifice for justice, pay more attention to the righteousness and be careless benefits, No matter what to do, dont forget the righteousness. Make personal behaviors conform to the righteousness and moral, and dont care about the utility or material interests. In the enterprise culture construction in China, should set up the correct merit as an important content, when making staffs consciously aware that stress justice, should admit that benefit of necessary, when meeting the pursuit of benefit, need to accept the constraint of righteousness. So, can achieve use the righteous to estimate benefits, With a moral to develop interests, adjust and regulate the action that the enterprises in the economic activity, and make the enterprise obey the law, legitimate the business in a correct way to make money, treating making money as a way, not a destination, Consciously let making money associate with the national prosperity and interests, do charity donations for the education, make benefits reward the society, embody the value orientation of traditional Chinese culture. The thought of harmony Confucian culture emphasizes harmony, Confucius said highly summarizes the basic spirit of ritual† harmony is the most precious is the history of several thousand years of interpersonal relationship, national culture, social relations’ traditional principles. Use the way of seeking more common grounds while reserving differences, to coordinate the part of peoples interests and requirements. To achieve the overall coordinating, harmony is the Chinese society long-term stability of the important cultural pillar. The Chinese nation strong cohesion also is the result of the tradition of harmony. For the enterprise culture construction is concerned, the relatively popular approach is using three harmony to manage the enterprise , three harmony s are harmonious people,harmonious objectives, and harmonious benefits, namely, the enterprise management need to make people relationship harmonious, enterprise production and environmental harmonious, the enterprise competition and cooperation get together organically . The Confucian ideas from different aspects in the construction of enterprise culture plays a role, is the enterprise lubricant of operation. Therefore, the enterprise should with extraordinary grand vision, pay attention to absorb excellent Chinese traditional culture reference to educate staffs and develop employees, make them love their work, solidarity and cooperation, the spirit of harmony, the competitiveness of the enterprises can strengthen. II The positive influence of Taoism The representative figure of Taoism is Laozi, Zhuangzi. The respectively writings are â€Å"Laozi â€Å", â€Å"Zhuangzi†. Enterprise culture construction can absorb reasonable nutrition in China. 1. The thought of â€Å"The nature of the Tao, govern by non-interference. † The Taos is the center thought of the Taoist . Laozi said The nature of the Tao, govern by non-interference. means things have its development rule, people should do something according to rules, shall not act just as you please. In applying the enterprise culture construction, firstly, the leader behavior should conform to the natural development rules, and set legal system according to the rules. Secondly, the enterprise should consider its own characteristic and the surrounding environment totally when involving enterprise reform, dont take it for granted. Thirdly, for leaders, should be good at stressing the important issues. the routine affairs are made decentralization to subordinates, so the duty and right are clear, exhaust its power each, leaders seem be at leisure, actually,the work is in the perfect order, it is inaction and without exception 2. The thought of Dialectical to things, dialectical at all things†. This is the Taoist thought and essence. Laozi thought, all phenomena are in opposition to each other, such as new and old, filled with failure, high and low, long and short, fortune and misfortune, and so on, and the opposite relationship is also can be changed. Focus on present enterprise, the market is like the battlefield, there is success,also there is fill, in the face of the fierce competition, the enterprises should have a clear understanding. When the enterprise is in the management difficult period, the enterprise should not be discouraged, through unremitting efforts, have the difficult situation improved and developed in the opposite direction , which is succeed; When the enterprise is in prosperity, also should recognize that the enterprises still exist some problems, which is likely to be hidden, and at the same time, the enterprise competition rises rapidly on barely detectable speed ,the enterprise will fall behind, even may be eliminated carelessly. The thought of dialectical to things to know things, manage the enterprise, is also one of magic weapon that many enterprises win the game to success or avoid arrogance and keep lead. 3. Thought of The beginning of crumbs Laozi thought, all the great things of the world, start from the trifle deeds. He said: The close columns are born in Baekho wood; the platform of nine layers of begins tired soil; A journey of miles begins with a single step. This has a great enlightening significance for enterprise culture construction. Each enterprise has one dream, the constant development and growth. In order to o realize this dream, it will have to start from scratch, however many enterprise doesnt do this, they are anxious for success, expect them to compare blindly, expand the scale recklessly, introduce foreign capital, ignore its own conditions, also regardless of what are the procedure and regularity, result in appearing management difficulty, funds are wasted, the increase in liabilities and so on a series of unhealthy phenomenon. The enterprise of world Top 500 enterprise, Which enterprise is not clear about the history of hundreds of years? Which enterprise does not rise abruptly based on its accumulated strength? Then they achieve the brilliant achievements. Taoism, broad and profound, it educate todays enterprise has dialectical view of success or failure, conform to rules to manage the enterprise in a thought of The nature of the Tao, govern by non-interference. , at the same time, look upon the business enterprise growth in a thought of beginning of crumbs, causes the enterprise to sustainable development. The negative influence of Chinese traditional culture. Everything is split into two, there is no absolute good or completely bad, when seeing the excellent traditional culture, also should see its negatives, here is the simple analysis of the Chinese traditional culture on the influence of negative aspect 1. The doctrine of the mean impartial, the maintenance arts of harmonic fold Wood show in the forest, the wind will destroy them, shoot the bird which takes the lead, these proverbs advise Chinese not to be the worlds firstly will affect the enterprise competition consciousness of first-class , also greatly affect the enterprise internal personnel selection, training and the use. Governor General of Canada, Wu Bingzhis father educated his kids, if you dont want to pick the stars in the sky, so you even the dust of the ground also cant get. In the age of globalization now, the business is more competitive, is full of risk, who is too timid and overcautious, everything is not dare to do it firstly, or competition consciousness is light , no desire to make progress, and do the industry in â€Å"muddle through †mind, Im afraid the enterprise is difficult to live forever. When former general electric CEO jack Welch talk about general enterprise culture, Had one well-known saying is competition, competition, and competition again. 2. How do you view the success or the failure. How to evaluate the person who often fails. No one dares to say that he will never fail. Modern scientific education research indicates that people learn from mistakes, so, to a certain extent, successful people are the failure of more than others. As a modern merchant, must be not afraid of failure, only the person is not afraid of the failture, who would know failure, will distinguish which is the success  through failure, which is the failure of forever, so as to avoid the failure in the key problems. In the traditional Chinese culture, the evaluation of a person is often not see who makes it so many things, but more is to see how many he made the mistake, against many people, how many times he has failed. In this standard, the kind of person who doesnt care no fame, only request no faults, the person who takes care of a good relationship is in the ascendant, but the person who has the big momentum, who is careless of the relationship, who plunges into the affairs often suffer more loss. Long-term since, the enthusiasm of employees will be hit, the harm to the enterprise is self-evident. 3. Pay more attention to the history, experience, authority and the thought of ranking. Dont know the ancient, no righteousness. I had passed a bridge more than the path where you had walked . A big officers saying is more virtuous than small officer, as if all the leaders are wiser than subordinates in all the problems . The experience of past, were not completely intact are used to guide todays real life, The experience of the past, were not completely intact used to guide todays real life, many experiences for todays often are only core thought about. Above in the role of thought enterprise culture construction, will only make enterprise feudal breath is strong, it is difficult to develop for the Long time. 4. The trend in thought, to pay attention to the metaphysical of the research, and neglected the physical quest, cause pay attention to traditional culture, neglect art bad tendency. In the Confucian culture dominant, formed a very bad idea: advocating principles, despised the skill, People has always attached great importance to learn the traditional culture. This kind of idea and further encourage the value of intolerance. The idea for the enterprise culture construction, easy to cause the enterprise just talking morality, no material technology pursuit, in science and technology is the first productivity of modern society, ignore technological innovation is dead, must avoid this narrow traditional culture. Overall, as the traditional Chinese culture running in Asian for the thousands of years, is a complex culture on both sides of the body. Speaking from the positive aspects, it plays the positive role in the construction of enterprise culture, is the enterprise culture innovation, the basement to continue to progress; Speaking from the negative aspects, it also can form the block role in the construction of enterprise culture, is a heavy burden of history. We should see the positive aspect, also need to see the negative aspect, take the essence and discard the dross in order to service modern enterprise culture construction.

Integrative Counselling Using the Skilled Helper Approach

Integrative Counselling Using the Skilled Helper Approach The Skilled Helper Approach Outline This paper is about integrative counselling using the skilled helper approach. In this paper we will discuss the theory and application of the integrative model of the skilled helper and components of person centred counselling and solution focus therapy. We will look at this integrative model and the benefits as well as the possible downsides. A case study will then be presented using this integrative model to counsel the client. Introduction Integrative counselling looks at several approaches that have been combined and used within a therapeutic counselling relationship. Coming away from a single counselling approach and combining suited models of counselling, both the counsellor and client reap the benefits of the integrated model (Arkowitz, 1997). Robertson (1970) stated that his ‘radical eclecticism’ bypassed theory. Introduction Gerald Egan Gerald Egan is professor of organisation studies and psychology and programme director for the centre for organisation development (CORD) at the Loyola University of Chicago. Egan developed the skill helper model and in 1975 published the first edition of his book The Skilled Helper , which demonstrateding an eclectic framework for a problem management approach to the counselling process. The Integrative Counsellor There are counsellors that see themselves as being eclectic in their work. It is viewed they are syncretism-using techniques from many models[RZ1]. Eclecticism – no or little theoretical rationale[RZ2]. Merely pulling techniques from many models without a sound rationale can only result in syncretistic confusion (Lazarus, 1996, 1996; Lazarus, Beutler, Norcrossk, 1992). Development of Therapy The three main influences on the development are the skills training approaches to counselling, the social influence theory, and behavioural theories of learning and change. Egan sums his approach up as ‘A conceptual framework†¦. to organise borrowed ideas, methods and techniques systematically †¦ and to integrate them into [one’s] own theory and practice of helping[RZ3].’’. Theory The skilled helper model is a Tran theoretical approach to integration. The client seeks counselling or assistance when they are experiencing difficulties in coping with problems in his or hertheir lifeves. The Counsellor will find and act on solutions to these problems. This is done by using a problem solving process. The process is demonstrated by using 3 three main stages which originally were titled Exploration, Understanding and Action, and which are now renamed as Present Scenario, Preferred Scenario and Getting There[RZ4]. The Three Stage Model The three stage model consists of three steps within three stages. Egan describes this model as â€Å"A a cognitive map with practical potential, complex enough to make sense of reality and simple enough to use[RZ5].†. 1 Present Scenario The client is helped to describe and explore the present Scenario[RZ6]’, she is going through at present 2The Preferred Scenario Articulate a preferred scenario that includes future goals aAnd objectives. 3Getting There Develop and implement action strategies forrom moving from the current to preferred scenario. The Skilled Helper Model is integrative, going mainly through three stages:. Person centered, to establish the therapeutic relationship;, Gestalt, for intense work on awareness; and behaviour therapy to work on change. Egan states ‘do whatever is ethical and works.’ (1990:62). (Robertson (1979) stated that his ‘radical eclecticism’ bypassed theory. The writer[RZ7] argues that theory is evident within the approach as it is influenced by strong theoretical approaches integrated into the skilled helper. Dr Carl Rogers argues that â€Å"It is the client who knows what is hurting and in the final analysis it is the client who knows how to move forewardords ..†¦. the counsellor’s task is to enable the client to make contact with his own inner resources rather than to guide, advise or in some other way influence the direction the client should take †¦. Thus thus emphasising the central importance of the client’s phenomenological world†. (Mearns Thorne, 1988, P1). The three stage model is a systematic way of learning to work with clients helping them to cope more effectively with their life,. tTo manage their problems in living more effectively and develop unused opportunities more fully, and to help people become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives. (Egan G., The Skilled Helper, 1998, pp. 7-8). Using the approach counsellors are able to explore the client’s feelings, thinking and behaviour. In stages one and two, clients are helped to explore and understand themselves their feelings and their world better, and in a different light. In stage 3 three, clients are helped to take effective action to achieve constructive change. Assumptions of the Model Some counsellors see the skilled helper model as being basic counselling and a paradigm that is made more complicated than necessary. Egan is slightly contrary about human nature[RZ8] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Egan and Cowan 1979[RZ9] Egan and Cowan 1979, 1980: Egan, 1984[RZ10] The focus of the skilled helper model is concentratesd on the client, with the aid of counsellor, in enabling the client to develop new skills of self management, interpersonal communication, and decision making. The counsellor and client wWorking together on strategies to bring about change, and they. examine Looking at what the client would like to change or manage differently. Psychological Health The heart of the problem solving process is the client’s action itself (Egan, (1975:227). This is achievable by enabling the client to tell his or her storey. The skilled helper model is one that sees the potential of change to take place in clients (Inskipp, 1993:92), w. Where the client shi8fts their behaviour from unhealthy to healthy to juvinate[RZ11] positive change. Change comes about through action â€Å"The heart of the problem-solving process is the clients’ action itself (Egan, 1975:2227[RZ12]). This is by way of the client letting go[RZ13]. Change begins to take place when the client is given space to tell his or her their storey. In telling of the storey, the resources for change areis identified and used. Client The client is helped to reframe by seeing the story and, situations in a different light, seeing him or heerself as a survivor rather than a victim. However, simply Just wanting change to take place is not sufficient. The cClient must be active in the process of change by way of adapting his or her behaviour through action, reflection and new learning. â€Å"Constructive change is always the bottom line.† (Egan 1990:207). Practice and clinical issues The counsellor has to be effective in the way the approach is used. ‘Helpers are successful to the degree that their clients – because of client helper interactions – are in a better position to manage specific problem situations and develop specific unused resources and opportunities more effectively.† (Egan, 1998:7). The role of the counsellor is to assist the client in understanding his or hertheir storey and /problem, and assist with skills that will aid their client in being effective in the management of particular challenging situations. The gGoals of the counsellor in the relationship are to build and empathic alliance;, to assist;, identify;, support; and to evaluate. Counsellor’s use of the Model Understand and confidence of the 3 stage model with a willingness to adjust to accommodate the clients needs[RZ14]. Counsellor works with the client in the here and now. Some of the skills used would be their natural internal supervisor and , attending skills, through awareness and use of the mnemonic SOLAR (squarely, open, learn, eye, relaxed). For non verbal communication, using the model as a template for change, the counsellor worksing therapeutically at the client’s pace using assessment skills, identifying if the degree of difficulty experienced by the client gets in the way of achieving change in mood and relationships. Making a contract with client, focusses of the work, nature and frequency of contact, confidentiality and possible limitations of it, review and evaluation[RZ15]. Evaluation is ongoing through sessions as this helps identify what is /or is not helpful during the session. Use of skill – through communication The counsellor engages with the client attending[RZ16], active listening, establishing and conveying empathy and the use of probes and questioning, immediacy, and appropriate self disclosure to client. Brain storming is a cognitive way of helping client to look at new perspectives on situations. Brainstorming generates hope that this[RZ17] can be different – this helps client to move foreward into working creatively. The cCounsellor can engage with the client using a variety of different skills, such as . Prompting : what do you really want for yourself in this situation, miracle Miracle Ququestion – brief therapy, Blank wall visualisation – NLP (DeShezer, 1988; O’Connor and McDermott, 1996)0. Goal setting and reviewing helps client to see hopes as goals that are SMART[RZ18], specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-limited. Change Process Egan takes his process of change from the behavioural approach (Wopolfe et al., 1989:11). Seeing behavioural change over cognitive change[RZ19]. The counsellor uses empathy to form a strong working alliance with the client through the exploration of feelings. The exploration of feelings plays the main part in effecting for change to take place. Within an article about change showedOne source identifies three3 agents for change: stated affective experiencing, cognitive mastery and behavioural regulation (Karasu 1986:690). [RZ20] These three3 agents play a major part in the skilled helper approach for change to take place. Nature of therapeutic relationship Egan sees that the therapeutic relationship is instrumental in the counselling process. Working to achieve goals within specific time restrains the counsellor takes on the role of[RZ21] . ‘A relationship of service, not an end in itself’ (Egan 1990:57). Whereby Rogers argues that the therapeutic relationship is fundamental in the counselling process[RZ22]. As part of the skilled helper approach, Egan incorporated Rogers’ core conditions. Egan describes himself as ‘standing on Rogers shoulders[RZ23],’ owing much to him as the core conditions is a major part of the approach. Rogers, on the other hand, concentrates on the person as a whole human-being. There are many differences between the two approaches (see Table 9.1). Format of a typical session Each session is different as there are is no set format. Tthe process depends on where the client is with the process of change. Indications and contraindications This approach is similar to the cognitive and behavioural approaches. The model is only beneficial for clients with mild to moderate conditions. The approaches concentrates itself onwith the client having the motivation to change and test out feelings and perceptions in a new framework. The model can be used with most clients and situations including depression ()Mynors-Wallis et al., 1995; Sseeley et al., 1996), and working with young people (Mabey and Sorensen, 1995). The model is described as being eclectic (Inskipp and Johns, 1984). Weakness of Model The model can be iInflexible, not suitable for clients with deep roouted problems, and there is little research to verify its efficacy[RZ24]. Although the problem management programme is beneficial, it may have to be modified to fit some cultures. Obstacles to Integration Within Tthe development and usage of an integrative mode,l as opposed to a single model, has its drawbacks and possible pitfalls. Hastily combining counselling models on a at whim just because the models separately are pleasing does not necessarily not lend itself to necessarily be combined successful combinationly into an integrated model. No one theory or model can testify that it ey holds athe patent off the truth. No one single model or set of techniques have or can always be effective with diverse clients. Nonetheless, tThere is a current trend, as the basis for future counselling practices; writers are developing integrative approaches (Lazarus, 1996[RZ25]). Some models of counselling integration are The Skilled Helper Model, Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) and the Conversational Model. There are times, however (dependent on the client) when a single established integrative model may be used. For the purpose of this essay an example of the Skilled Helper model will be the main integrative model. Case Study Introduction This case study looks at the use of the skilled helper model with Lisa, a 16 year old college student on a one year foundation course. Her problem is that she finds herself more and more angry. Every week there is an aggressive situation at college between Lisa and her peers or with members of the college staff. She has been officially warned twice and is in great jeopardy of being thrown off her course and out of college. Throughout many of her comprehensive school life she has been expelled from several schools because of her behaviour. It was recommended by the Student Support Manager that Lisa attend some sessions of counselling to â€Å"get herself sorted out[RZ26]†. This was an option recommended to herim as an alternative to expelling her.expulsion. Theory â€Å"Helping relationships are influenced by whether the helper is a trained counsellor or is using counselling skills as part of performing another role. Helping relationships takes place in the head and in the heart, as well as face to face. Ultimately all helping relationships need to become client self helping relationships.† (Nelson-Jones, 1999, P.118) Stage one looks at the problems, issues, concerns, and undeveloped opportunities for Lisa. Lisa agreed to attend counselling;, this was not a new experience for her. She had previously received counselling and anger management several times and stated, â€Å"Tthey don’t work.†. Assessment and Contracting took place during the first session. Lisa was listened to, enabling her to tell her storey of what brought her to counselling and the lead up to it. During the session, probing was used to discover that Lisa felt alone even though it appeared she had many friends. She was the leader of her girl gang. â€Å"Not real friends, they don’t know me. They’re only with me because I fight for them. Some of them are bigger than me.†. She felt unloved by her mother because there was no discipline and they only encouragement given was for her to stand up for herself. Her dad has spent years in and out of prison. Lisa felt ugly and was often told that she wasso. She dressed in boys’ clothes and kept her strawberry blond hair (which almost reached halfway down her back) secured with an elastic band. She had an older sister who was 20, who had changed her religion and was preparing to marry within into a Muslim family. Lisa had two younger brot hers that seemed to get away with ruling the household with their demands. Lisa proudly carried a small photograph around with her of her deceased sister, the only person she really felt loved by, and the only one she loved. With more gentle probing, it became apparent that her sister died as a baby two years before Lisa was born[RZ27]. Her past time is spent hanging out with her friends and at times purposely causing trouble. She left school with no formal qualifications, and therefore was placed on a foundation course which she found did not hold her attention as she got through her work quickly. and so Aas she could move foreward, Lisa found she was helping other students in the class with their work[RZ28]. Lisa is asked â€Å"what do you really want for yourself in this situation?† Brainstorming technique is used to look at course and career options. Lisa looks into the future of how she would love to be an accountant as she is very good at maths, or even an actress[RZ29]. In the past she had thought that someone like her would not have the opportunity to do either, but she was happy to look at moving foreward. A mental list was used for the client to come up with some of the things she would like to change. She realises that she is on the wrong course and comes to know that by accepting support from the educational guidance worker and Foundation studies manager she may be able to change her course to one that will be pitched at a higher level to do business studies and accounts. She also realises if she had toned her behaviour down at school for the last few weeks before the end of term, she would not have been expelled[RZ30] and would have done her exams at school rather than giving up her 9 GCSE’s even though an alternative school was offered for her to take her exams. Her estimated grades were mainly B’s and C’s. 3 sessions – Llisa seems agitated, feeling she has to no choice but to come. – options given[RZ31]. Fears of exclusion, no qwualifications, failure[RZ32] The counsellor gave aAssurances that given everything is confidential with the exception of disclosures to child protection agencies, or in the case of imminent harm to self and others. The counsellor also eExplained counselling is not a prescription; n, she not does not have to come, the decision will be hers, no implications with or from college staff[RZ33]. By telling her storey at the place[RZ34] she has more insight into the issues she faced. She sees herself as helpful, hardworking and a good communicator. The model of the skilled helper is explained more fully to clients Part of the process within the model used. Learnt basic features of model for focus, direction, guidance interactions with peears[RZ35]. Stage 1 – Step 1 Tthe storey Client tells her storey which is facilitated by me using probes;, this encourages the client to offer detailed information about herself. This enables client to understand her situation, so as she can look at what needs to be done to manage it. Goal setting – What do I really want? Step 1b – Blind spot Lisa is helped to identify signifcicant blind spots about herself so as she can develop new perspectives in moving foreward. This is used to break through areas that prevent Llisa from seeing herself and her situation[RZ36]. Step 1c Cchoosing right problem to work onn. Lisa has many problems, I hHelped her work on problems that will make a substantial difference in her life. The client is encouraged and supported in working on her problems. The questions[RZ37] help Llisa to look into her future. Lisa discovers there are many things she wants; there is a , right course for her, one that she is interested in and can enjoy. She can enjoy bBetter relationships with peers and staff. She can enjoy tTime for herself and her mom. Lisa was fFurther encouraged to look at needs and prioritise them. Overall she needs to feel she is achieving academically, making progress in relationships with family, and she would like to change her image – â€Å"be a girly girl.†. Setting priorities help her to think about how she might achieve them. I then helped her to explore and clarify her priorities. Tthis is done by asking her how would she know she is achieving, what would it look like. The type of course is then explored in the areas of accountancy and performing arts and which one would be more suitable for her needs and wants, and by. looking at which one is more practicael and achievable. Stage 3 Developing action strategies . At the beginning of counselling, mentoring support group work was offered to Lisa. This service was offered again to client[RZ38]. She breaks through some blind spots, getting a better understanding of and prioriitising her needs, as well as. eExploring what she needs to do to get what she wants. Lisa talks more about her hoped for ambitions prioritising accountancy, making contact with the college guidance worker to see what she would need to get onto a course. On being an actress, it was decided by the client that she would need to attend sage school or the performing arts course at college. We explored each profession, looking at pay, reliability, enjoyability, the possibility that it would possibly help form good character, as well as career endurance. Accountancy took priority, coming out on top in Lisa’s evaluation. This also linked into the fact that the client enjoys and excels in maths and has experienced accounts at school., Armed with this information, the client c ontacted her personal tutor and foundations manager. She put her case forward to them them both to be able to be transferred onto an accountancy or business studies course with administration. Giving the client space to do this contributed to her empowerment. The mentoring group consisted of eight 8 students, 16 – 18 years of age. This gave students a safe place to explore her feelings about her relationships and her body image. She Lisa bravely asked â€Å"Ddo your moms help you with your hair and make –up? Ttalk to you about boys?† The questions generated much conversing over two sessions. As a result of the group, work the hair, beauty and holistic therapy departments were approached. Client wanted to be a â€Å"gfirly girl,† which meant she wanted help in knowing how to style her hair, and to apply put make-up on. Sessions for a course of holistic therapy to help with stress were arranged;. these therapies helped her to physically see herself in comparison to whathow she had imagined within her own mind. By being a valued member of the weekly group, the client found she was able to receive support as well as give it, leaving her feeling empowered. Being action[RZ39] in her therapy has allowed her to concentrate on her course, career prospects, and image, which leads to improved personal conduct, relationship with peers, members of staff and mother, thereby. rReducing the anger and sometimes hate she felt for herself and resentment towards her mother. Client Lisa eventually moves out of the group, as she feels less angry and stressed. Although client she may have benefited from staying for one or two more sessions, the end of session evaluation was that the client felt that she had sufficiently improved and wanted to withdraw; therefore the helping process had served its purpose (. Waehler and Lenox (1994)). Therefore Hher relationships are more productive and enjoyable; she is. feeling better about herself as she knows some of the feelingss and views of her peers as they saw her . hHow she was and how she can be. by way of a connextios[RZ40] worker client is being helped to communication her needs to her mother taki